Structural characteristics of forklift

The end of the internal combustion counterbalanced forklift is equipped with a counterweight, commonly referred to as the "weight." The balance weight material generally adopts HT100 cast iron, and its main function is to balance the longitudinal overturning moment generated by the cargo quality during operation, thereby maintaining the longitudinal stability of the forklift. This article mainly introduces the structural characteristics of the balance weight.

1. Select and install

Generally speaking, the weight of the balance weight, the position of the center of mass, and the amount of the back suspension are given by the overall arrangement of the whole vehicle. The selection of the balance weight is mainly considering the longitudinal stability of the forklift when it is fully loaded and loaded. The balance weight directly affects the safety factor of the front and rear balance of the forklift, and is the main parameter that determines the safety factor of the forklift. When the total mass G of the counterweight is determined, the rear axle center can be used as a reference, and the installation dimension of the counterweight can be accurately determined according to the assembly form of the counterweight on the frame. There are two inverted V-shaped suspension blocks on the outer side of the forklift tailstock, and the balance weight can be fixed on the two bolts.

2. Ventilation holes

Since the heat balance is a very important parameter of the forklift, the poor heat dissipation performance is likely to cause the engine cooling water temperature to be too high, which affects the overall performance of the forklift. Therefore, it is particularly important to balance the position of the heavy vents, the air duct and the airflow direction. Generally speaking, the higher the opening of the vent hole, the better the heat dissipation; the ventilating hole to the heat sink preferably uses a rounded corner transition to facilitate airflow guiding and improve heat dissipation performance.

3. Departure angle

It is also important to balance the departure angle of the lower end. This angle is mainly to avoid the friction between the lower end and the ground when the slope is up and down. The theoretical departure angle is equal to the maximum climbing angle of the specific model. The position of the lower end of the counterweight should be determined according to the maximum grade of the specific model and the amount of rear suspension of the counterweight. In this paper, the slope is 20% and the balance weight is 715 mm, as shown in Figure 1. The formula for calculating the outermost height H of the balance weight is as follows:

H = rear suspension × climbing degree = 143 mm

It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the theoretical resection point of the lower end of the counterweight is at the outermost height H of the balance weight is 143 mm from the ground and the angle is 11.3° from the horizontal. In actual operation, considering the factors such as tire pressure, the theoretical departure angle and H should be properly amplified. Of course, if the minimum clearance of the lower end of the balance is greater than H, it is no longer necessary to consider the departure angle.

4. Lifting hole position

It is also important to balance the position of the two lifting holes. In order to facilitate lifting and improve safety, the positions of the two lifting holes should be symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the balance weight center line. The front and rear directions should be in line with the balance weight center, as shown in Figure 2. Some balance weights use the lifting lugs, and their position is determined to be the same.

5. Outer contour

The balance weight has a certain influence on the aesthetics of the whole vehicle, so the outer contour should be based on the premise of satisfying the overall vehicle style. When designing the whole vehicle, important parameters such as the length of the car and the turning radius should be considered, and the turning radius is more important than the length of the car. The balance weight of Heli H2000 series forklifts has always adopted a large arc style, the overall appearance is generous and durable, and the whole vehicle looks more rounded, in line with the public aesthetic point of view.

When designing the balance weight, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the position of the frame, the overhead guard, the internal combustion engine cover and the water radiator, so as to ensure the smooth connection of the lines and the uniform style. Secondly, the balance between the balance weight and the tire should be considered. Especially after the forklift is raised, the gap between the tire and the balance weight should also meet the requirements.